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Source Ledger

Primary Sources We Use

KilowattLogic separates reported data, forecasts, and analysis. This ledger lists the public sources we use for energy market benchmarks, ISO/RTO market context, and regulatory claims.

How To Read Our Facts

Fact labels separate data from interpretation

API-verified

Values pulled from official APIs or structured public datasets, such as EIA, ISO/RTO, or regulatory data tables.

Source-reported

Values attributed to named filings, regulatory orders, public statements, market reports, or official notices.

Forecast

Forward-looking values from named forecasts, planning cases, consensus expectations, or clearly labeled scenarios.

KilowattLogic analysis

Procurement interpretation, scenario math, and buyer context derived from sourced facts.

Federal energy data

U.S. Energy Information Administration Open Data

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Official source
API-verifiedForecast

EIA datasets are the primary backbone for public U.S. energy benchmarks. Forecast series are labeled separately from reported historical data.

  • - Commercial and industrial electricity benchmarks
  • - Natural gas price and consumption datasets
  • - Short-Term Energy Outlook forecasts

Federal energy analysis

EIA Today in Energy

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Official source
Source-reportedForecast

Today in Energy articles should be cited with publication date, source note, and whether a claim is EIA analysis, third-party data referenced by EIA, or KilowattLogic interpretation.

  • - Current EIA analysis of energy prices, supply disruptions, exports, and market context
  • - Narrative source backing for source-reported facts that are not exposed as simple API values
  • - Federal context for procurement-risk analysis and article updates

EIA Today in Energy: Midwest grid operators handled a growing volume of wind curtailments in 2023

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Official source
Source-reportedKilowattLogic analysis

Use this source for EIA-reported curtailment context. Avoid converting curtailment values into contract, REC, or bill impacts without explicit buyer-contract caveats.

  • - SPP and MISO wind curtailment context
  • - Definition of curtailment as reduction below maximum generation potential
  • - SPP hourly wind curtailment trend from 2019 through 2023

EIA Today in Energy: Record U.S. energy production in 2025

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Official source
Source-reportedAPI-verified

Use this source for the May 11, 2026 EIA record-production update. Separate EIA-reported production facts from KilowattLogic interpretation of delivered-rate, capacity, basis, and utility-charge implications.

  • - 2025 U.S. primary energy production record context
  • - Dry natural gas, crude oil, NGPL, renewable, and coal production facts
  • - Supply-side context for commercial electricity and natural gas procurement coverage

EIA Today in Energy: MISO coal dark spreads and gas spark spreads

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Official source
Source-reportedWholesale market signal

Use this source for the May 20, 2026 EIA MISO dark-spread update. Keep wholesale fuel-margin data separate from delivered-rate claims, retail supplier offers, capacity charges, transmission charges, and KilowattLogic procurement interpretation.

  • - MISO dark-spread and spark-spread comparison for early 2026
  • - Winter Storm Fern wholesale fuel-margin context
  • - Buyer caveats separating wholesale fuel economics from delivered commercial rates

EIA Today in Energy: California natural gas prices reach historic lows in early 2026

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Official source
Source-reportedPrice signalStorage context

Use this source for current California natural-gas-price coverage. Keep spot-index facts separate from delivered utility bills, CTA supplier offers, winter-basis forecasts, and KilowattLogic procurement interpretation.

  • - California PG&E Citygate, SoCal Border, and SoCal Citygate spot-price context
  • - Pacific-region natural gas storage cushion context
  • - California gas-fired power-demand and commercial gas procurement caveats

EIA Today in Energy: Virginia commercial electricity sales and data centers

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Official source
Source-reportedForecast

Use this source for the May 5, 2026 EIA Virginia data-center article. Separate reported historical sales and peak-load values from PJM forecast values and KilowattLogic buyer interpretation.

  • - Virginia commercial electricity sales growth from 2019 through 2025
  • - Dominion zone peak-load history and PJM forecast context
  • - Data-center load-growth analysis for Northern Virginia procurement coverage

ISO/RTO market monitoring

SPP 2024 Annual State of the Market Report

Southwest Power Pool Market Monitoring Unit

Official source
Source-reportedWholesale market signal

Use this source for SPP market-monitor facts. Separate MMU-reported values from KilowattLogic interpretation of VPPA, REC, retail-rate, and procurement-contract impacts.

  • - SPP 2024 negative price interval shares
  • - SPP 2024 congestion payments and wind generation share
  • - SPP market-monitor context for surplus energy, congestion, and day-ahead versus real-time wind patterns

Federal energy scenario analysis

EIA Annual Energy Outlook 2026: Data center server electricity use

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Official source
Source-reportedForecastScenario analysis

Use this source for AEO2026 long-term planning context. Label AEO as alternative-futures scenario analysis, not a single prediction, delivered-rate forecast, supplier quote, or utility tariff.

  • - AEO2026 electricity demand growth range through 2050
  • - Data center server electricity use range of 446 BkWh to 818 BkWh by 2050 across AEO2026 cases
  • - Server electricity use share of commercial-sector electricity in 2025 and 2050
  • - Data-center cooling intensity assumptions for commercial-building electricity demand
  • - Installed electric generating capacity growth range across AEO cases

Utility merger and infrastructure finance

NextEra Energy and Dominion Energy definitive combination announcement

NextEra Energy and Dominion Energy

Official source
Source-reportedForward-lookingPending approvals

Use this source for company-reported merger facts. Separate announced terms from regulatory approval outcomes, future rate impacts, data-center cost-allocation assumptions, and KilowattLogic buyer interpretation.

  • - NextEra-Dominion merger transaction terms and ownership split
  • - Combined utility account, generation portfolio, and large-load pipeline claims
  • - Regulatory approval path and Dominion customer bill-credit proposal

Federal energy forecast

EIA Today in Energy: ERCOT solar generation could exceed coal in 2026

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Official source
Source-reportedForecast

Use this source for the May 13, 2026 EIA ERCOT solar-versus-coal forecast. Keep EIA forecast generation values separate from delivered commercial rate claims, supplier offers, congestion costs, and KilowattLogic procurement interpretation.

  • - ERCOT utility-scale solar and coal generation forecasts for 2026 and 2027
  • - ERCOT generation mix context for solar, coal, and natural gas
  • - Texas commercial electricity buyer analysis of generation mix, large-load growth, and hourly risk

EIA Short-Term Energy Outlook: May 2026 natural gas benchmarks

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Official source
ForecastSource-reported

Use this source for May 2026 public benchmark updates. Keep EIA forecast values separate from live NYMEX settlements, delivered-basis quotes, supplier offers, and KilowattLogic procurement interpretation.

  • - Henry Hub 2026 and 2027 public benchmark forecasts
  • - Lower 48 marketed natural gas production and storage-balance context
  • - U.S. LNG export forecast and global LNG/Hormuz context

EIA Today in Energy: Power-sector natural gas summer 2026 and 2027 forecast

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Official source
ForecastSource-reported

Use this source for EIA power-burn forecast coverage. Label values as forecasts and keep natural gas-fired generation signals separate from delivered-rate or supplier-savings claims.

  • - U.S. electric-power natural gas consumption forecast for summer 2026 and summer 2027
  • - ERCOT and PJM natural gas-fired electricity generation growth context
  • - Commercial and industrial electricity demand-growth context for gas-indexed power buyers

EIA Today in Energy: Industrial natural gas consumption expected to hit records in 2026 and 2027

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Official source
Source-reportedForecast

Use this source for the May 15, 2026 EIA industrial natural gas demand update. Keep EIA forecast consumption values separate from supplier offers, fixed-price advice, CHP economics, and KilowattLogic procurement interpretation.

  • - U.S. industrial natural gas consumption forecasts for 2026 and 2027
  • - Manufacturing and chemicals-sector natural gas procurement context
  • - Industrial seasonal load-shape and efficiency caveats

State utility regulation

CPUC Core Transport Agent legislation and decisions

California Public Utilities Commission

Official source
Regulatory contextCustomer-choice context

Use this source for California CTA context. Do not imply CPUC regulates CTA commodity rates or guarantees savings from CTA service.

  • - California Core Transport Agent and retail gas choice background
  • - CTA caveats separating utility delivery from third-party gas supply

Retail electricity benchmarks

EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.A

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Official source
API-verified

Values are reported by month and should be cited with the reporting period and release context.

  • - Average commercial revenue per kilowatthour by state
  • - Average industrial revenue per kilowatthour by state
  • - National and state electricity benchmark comparisons

Natural gas storage

EIA Weekly Natural Gas Storage Report

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Official source
API-verifiedSource-reported

Storage reports should be cited with the week-ending date and release date.

  • - Working gas in underground storage
  • - Weekly injection and withdrawal changes
  • - Storage comparisons against prior year and five-year average

EIA Weekly Natural Gas Storage Report: May 7, 2026

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Official source
API-verifiedSource-reported

EIA released this weekly storage report on May 7, 2026 at 10:30 a.m.; values should be cited as week ending May 1, 2026.

  • - Lower 48 working gas for week ending May 1, 2026
  • - May 7, 2026 weekly injection and regional storage changes
  • - Storage comparisons against prior year and five-year average

EIA Weekly Natural Gas Storage Report: May 14, 2026

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Official source
API-verifiedSource-reported

EIA released this weekly storage report on May 14, 2026 at 10:30 a.m.; values should be cited as week ending May 8, 2026.

  • - Lower 48 working gas for week ending May 8, 2026
  • - May 14, 2026 weekly injection and regional storage changes
  • - Storage comparisons against prior year and five-year average

EIA Weekly Natural Gas Storage Report: May 21, 2026

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Official source
API-verifiedSource-reported

EIA released this weekly storage report on May 21, 2026 at 10:30 a.m.; values should be cited as week ending May 15, 2026.

  • - Lower 48 working gas for week ending May 15, 2026
  • - May 21, 2026 weekly injection and regional storage changes
  • - Storage comparisons against prior year and five-year average

EIA Weekly Natural Gas Storage Report: May 28, 2026

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Official source
API-verifiedSource-reported

EIA released this weekly storage report on May 28, 2026 at 10:30 a.m.; values should be cited as week ending May 22, 2026.

  • - Lower 48 working gas for week ending May 22, 2026
  • - May 28, 2026 weekly injection and regional storage changes
  • - Storage comparisons against prior year and five-year average

EIA Weekly Natural Gas Storage Report: June 4, 2026

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Official source
API-verifiedSource-reported

EIA released this weekly storage report on June 4, 2026 at 10:30 a.m.; values should be cited as week ending May 29, 2026.

  • - Lower 48 working gas for week ending May 29, 2026
  • - June 4, 2026 weekly injection and regional storage changes
  • - Storage comparisons against prior year and five-year average

EIA Underground Natural Gas Working Storage Capacity: November 2025 data

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Official source
Source-reported

EIA released the November 2025 storage-capacity report on May 21, 2026. Do not treat annual capacity changes as a weekly price forecast.

  • - Lower 48 demonstrated peak storage capacity
  • - Lower 48 working gas design capacity
  • - Storage-capacity context for weekly inventory reports

ISO/RTO market data

PJM Data Miner 2

PJM Interconnection

Official source
API-verifiedSource-reported

PJM usage and redistribution terms should be checked before reproducing raw Data Miner output.

  • - PJM market reports and operating data
  • - Capacity-market context
  • - Public wholesale market datasets

PJM Capacity Market (RPM)

PJM Interconnection

Official source
Source-reported

Capacity values should be tied to the delivery year, auction type, report date, and whether the value is a final clearing price or pre-auction planning parameter.

  • - PJM capacity auction clearing-price context
  • - Delivery-year capacity-market schedules and supporting files
  • - Capacity-cost exposure in PJM procurement coverage

ERCOT Public API Applications

Electric Reliability Council of Texas

Official source
API-verifiedSource-reported

ERCOT API and data-access routes should be cited by report name, delivery channel, and retrieval date where practical.

  • - ERCOT public market reports
  • - Texas large-load and settlement-price context
  • - Market transparency datasets

NYISO Markets and Operational Data

New York Independent System Operator

Official source
API-verifiedSource-reported

NYISO data should be tied to the relevant market, zone, date, and report surface.

  • - New York wholesale market context
  • - LBMP and load-related market reporting
  • - Installed capacity and system-condition context

ISO New England Web Services Data

ISO New England

Official source
API-verifiedSource-reported

Preliminary and final market values should be labeled distinctly when that distinction matters.

  • - New England LMP and load data
  • - Wholesale cost and ancillary-service context
  • - Winter reliability and market reform reporting

California ISO OASIS

California ISO

Official source
API-verifiedSource-reported

CAISO OASIS provides real-time and market-result data; pages should identify the report or market interval used.

  • - California wholesale market prices
  • - System demand and transmission context
  • - CAISO market-result reporting

California ISO Extended Day-Ahead Market

California ISO

Official source
Source-reported

EDAM participation and benefit claims should distinguish official launch/participant status from future rate-case pass-through analysis.

  • - Western day-ahead market launch and participant status
  • - EDAM report availability, reliability-capacity metrics, and transfer context
  • - Western market-design coverage for commercial buyers

MISO Data Exchange

Midcontinent Independent System Operator

Official source
API-verifiedSource-reported

MISO market-report values should be linked to the applicable market report, auction period, or planning case.

  • - MISO market report data
  • - Planning Resource Auction context
  • - Midwest capacity and reliability reporting

MISO Planning Resource Auction Results

Midcontinent Independent System Operator

Official source
Source-reported

MISO PRA values should preserve season, local resource zone, annualized framing, and posting date.

  • - MISO seasonal and annualized capacity prices
  • - Resource adequacy and local resource zone capacity context
  • - Midwest capacity-cost mitigation coverage

ISO/RTO reliability outlook

PJM Summer Outlook 2026

PJM Interconnection

Official source
Source-reportedForecast

Use this outlook for May 2026 seasonal reliability facts. Treat adequate-resources language as PJM reliability planning context, not as a retail price forecast or delivered-rate guarantee.

  • - PJM summer 2026 peak-load forecast
  • - Source-reported generation capacity and contracted demand-response values
  • - Seasonal reliability and load-management planning context

Federal reliability and market assessment

FERC 2026 Summer Energy Market and Electric Reliability Assessment

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

Official source
Source-reportedForecastWholesale market signal

Use this FERC assessment for summer 2026 reliability and market context. Separate reliability adequacy findings from delivered-rate forecasts, supplier offers, and guaranteed bill outcomes.

  • - Summer 2026 regional reliability risk context
  • - Natural gas basis and wholesale power price expectations
  • - Hydropower, drought, and extreme-weather buyer-risk analysis

Reliability assessment

NERC 2026 Summer Reliability Assessment

North American Electric Reliability Corporation

Official source
Source-reportedForecast

Use this NERC assessment for reliability-risk labels and regional source facts. Do not convert reliability risk categories into retail-rate claims without visible caveats and account-specific context.

  • - NPCC-New England, Texas RE-ERCOT, and WECC-Northwest summer risk findings
  • - Demand and resource trends across NERC assessment areas
  • - Large-load, hydropower, low-wind, and battery-addition context

ISO/RTO operational notices

ERCOT June 2026 Public Notices

Electric Reliability Council of Texas

Official source
Source-reportedWholesale market signal

Use ERCOT public notices for specific operating messages and timestamps. Do not convert these notices into emergency, load-shed, retail-rate, or guaranteed price claims unless ERCOT makes those claims directly.

  • - ERCOT Non-Spin deployment notices
  • - Sudden generation-loss operational postings
  • - Texas summer operating-signal analysis

Regulatory source

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

Official source
Source-reported

FERC claims should cite the order, docket, filing, or notice when available.

  • - Federal energy orders and rulemakings
  • - Capacity-market and transmission-policy actions
  • - Regulatory enforcement and market-design context