Guides/Procurement Strategy

Fixed vs. Variable Rates: The "Broker's Dilemma"

Most brokers push 100% fixed rates because they are easier to sell and carry higher commissions. But for 40% of commercial facilities, a pure fixed rate is leaving money on the table. Here is the math they don't want you to see.

Executive Summary

  • Fixed Rates: Best for budget certainty and risk-averse organizations (Schools, Non-Profits). You pay a "risk premium" (insurance) to the supplier.
  • Variable (Index) Rates: Best for facilities with flexible load or high tolerance for volatility. Historically 8-12% cheaper over 10 years, but with wild monthly swings.
  • The Winner: Block & Index (Hybrid): Lock in 50-70% of your baseload, float the rest. Captures shoulder-month lows while protecting against summer spikes.

Visualizing the Risk Premium

Simulated Annual Cost Comparison (¢/kWh)

*Simulated data based on typical PJM LMP curves. Variable rates dip below fixed in Spring/Fall "Shoulder Months".

The "Insurance Premium" of Fixed Rates

When a supplier offers you a fixed rate of 8.5¢/kWh for 36 months, they aren't guessing. They are buying futures contracts to hedge that power, and then adding a markup to cover their risk. This markup is effectively an insurance premium.

In "Shoulder Months" (April/May and Oct/Nov), wholesale electricity often trades at 3-5¢/kWh. If you are locked in at 8.5¢, you are effectively overpaying by 100% during those months to subsidize your rate during the summer/winter peaks.

When to AVOID Variable

  • • You have a fixed annual budget that cannot be exceeded.
  • • You cannot shift operations away from peak hours (Waiters, Hospitals).
  • • You are in a volatile zone like ERCOT (TX) or ISO-NE (MA/CT) without automated controls.

When to CHOOSE Index

  • • You have flexible manufacturing shifts.
  • • You have on-site solar or battery storage.
  • • You have a smart building management system (BMS).
  • • You can tolerate a "bad month" for a cheaper year.

The "Hybrid" Strategy (Block & Index)

The sophisticated play—used by data centers and large manufacturers—is Block & Index. You lock in a "Block" of power (say, 500 kW around the clock) at a fixed rate to cover your baseload operations. Anything above that block is purchased at the real-time Index rate.

This strategy allows you to:

  • Secure budget certainty for your core operations ("Keep the lights on").
  • Participate in market dips during shoulder months.
  • Incentivize your facility team to reduce load during price spikes (since you pay spot prices for marginal usage).

Run the Numbers for Your Facility

Don't trust a broker's spreadsheet. Use our historical back-tester to see how a Variable or Hybrid rate would have performed against your actual usage last year.

Comparing Pricing Models